What does backing in Toulmin's Argument Model provide?

In Toulmin's Argument Model, backing provides support for the warrant, which is the principle or reasoning that connects the claim to the evidence. The warrant is essential in demonstrating how the evidence leads to the conclusion, and backing strengthens this connection by offering additional justification or authority for the warrant itself. This may come in various forms, such as statistical data, expert testimony, or relevant research findings that reinforce the credibility of the reasoning behind the claim.

By providing backing, the speaker enhances the persuasive power of the argument, making it more robust and harder for the audience to refute. This layer of support is crucial because it helps solidify the logical structure of the argument, ultimately leading to a more convincing presentation.